Publications

  • Electronic Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Disease

  • November 12th 2019
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    The role and impact of electronic cigarettes continues to provoke a major public health debate in Europe and beyond.  This updated EHN paper focuses on the effects of e-cigarette use on the cardiovascular system. It also presents information on trends in use of e-cigarettes, as well as marketing and regulation.  Furthermore, it discusses the distinction between absolute and relative risk.

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  • Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Diseases

  • April 22nd 2019
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    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in Europe as well as in the European Union (EU), where it is responsible for 3.9 and 1.8 million deaths respectively every year. CVD mortality is falling in most European countries. However, declining death rates do not go hand in hand with declining morbidity. The number of CVD patients remains at a very high level; in the EU alone, almost 49 million people live with cardiovascular disease.

    Within CVD, heart failure is a condition, which is common but neither widely known nor simple. The main causes of heart failure are coronary heart disease and high blood pressure.

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  • Transforming European food and drink policies for cardiovascular health

  • September 28th 2017
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    Despite considerable progress in tackling cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains the leading cause of death and a major cause of illness and disability for men and women in Europe. Dietary risks are responsible for around half of the death and disability caused by CVD and may cost the economy of the European Union economy €102 billion a year.

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  • Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases

  • July 03rd 2017
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    In July 2017 EHN published a paper on Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases.  The aim of this paper is to provide information about the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health; when we refer to air pollution, this is outdoor air pollution unless otherwise indicated.  The paper presents recommendations to policy makers for action to reduce exposure to this risk factor.

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  • EHN Paper on research involving animals

  • February 23rd 2017
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    Scientists use animals to learn more about health problems that affect both humans and animals, and to assure the safety of new drugs and medical treatments.  Some diseases can only be studied in a living organism and it is not always possible or ethical to use humans.

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